The sentence sets up a comparison with the words "in addition to." The first clause refers to "mathematical achievements," so the subject following the comma should be comparable to achievements. The sentence as written (as well as (B) and (C)) places a person after the comma, which is wrong. Achievements can be compared, but an achievement and a person cannot.

That leaves us with (D) and (E). The subject following the comma ("Daniel Bernoulli's contributions") is the main subject of the sentence, it needs to have a corresponding verb. In (D), this is "include." There is no verb in (E), so (E) is not a complete sentence. (D) is correct.